What Is Carbon Black
Carbon black (with subtypes acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black and thermal black) is a material produced by the incomplete combustion of coal tar, vegetable matter, or petroleum products, including fuel oil, fluid catalytic cracking tar, and ethylene cracking in a limited supply of air. Carbon black is a form of paracrystalline carbon that has a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, albeit lower than that of activated carbon. It is dissimilar to soot in its much higher surface-area-to-volume ratio and significantly lower (negligible and non-bioavailable) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content. Carbon black is used as a colorant and reinforcing filler in tires and other rubber products; pigment and wear protection additive in plastics, paints, and ink pigment.
Advantages of Carbon Black
Give aesthetics to the user’s desire for appearance
Following carbon black uses, carbon black would give aesthetics to the user’s desire for appearance.
Conductive agent
For practical purposes, it is used as an electrically conductive agent, especially for those which require high inductivity, including in batteries, and electronic devices. Others are ultraviolet protection, for tires, plastics, sunscreen, etc.
Strength and durability as well as abrasion resistance for tires
It also contributes to strength and durability as well as abrasion resistance for tires, thanks to the carbon black structure.
Why Choose Us
Our factory
Anhui Sanji Chemical Co., Ltd. found in 2021, one young established enterprise specialize in Import and Export of Chemical Products and Polyolefin Additives, mainly delivers solution and service to the industry projects of mineral, chemical, petrochemical, oil & gas.
Our product
Our product covers leaching agent and adsorbent which mainly for gold extraction application, chemicals for electro-plating, also involved in middle additives of Antioxidant, Flame Retardant, Antistatic Agent, Plasticizer, Flexibilizer, Carbon Black and etc. Besides, our imported HDPE, LLDPE, PP, PS and other polymers are widely used in mianland of China, in the field of home appliance, automobile, beverage bottol, toys, food packages, electronics and etc.
Experienced team
Over the years, our strong experienced chemical specialists and engineers team, serious inspection and laboratory test, on-time trouble shooting and site service, powerful financial capability solution with banks and big capacity routine warehouse keeping for on-time delivery.
Technical teams focus on sample test and goods inspection; logistics team focus on international seal & air transportation, warehouse keeping and domestic logistics.
Our service
Follow up the performance of supplied original products and proposed replacements, build historical curve for continuous performance improvement, research of technical improvement with necessary test; trouble shooting in case of any failure in process service which defects may arise from production, storage, transportation and logistics, optimizing whole work procedures
Different Types of Carbon Black and Their Properties
N series carbon black
N series carbon black is a carbon black with lighter color and smaller surface area. Because N series carbon black particles are smaller and have good fluidity and dispersion, they can be used in coatings, inks, rubber products, plastics and other fields. In addition, due to its purification treatment and surface modification, N series carbon black is often used as an additive for high-end food and pharmaceutical packaging materials.
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S series carbon black
S series carbon black is another common type of carbon black. Compared with N series carbon black, it has a darker color and a larger surface area. S Series carbon blacks offer excellent wear resistance, electrical conductivity, and UV and chemical resistance. It is commonly used in areas such as automotive tires, rubber seals and industrial mufflers.
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P series carbon black
P series carbon black is a carbon black with a very large surface and has good color enhancement properties, fluidity and suspension properties. Due to its high specific surface area and strong adsorption, P series carbon black is usually used in the fields of coatings, inks and cosmetics to provide excellent blackening effects and improve the texture of coatings.
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F series carbon black
F series carbon black is a kind of carbon black that has been oxidized and has a high surface carboxyl content. The carbon black can be combined with resins and polymers to produce good affinity and compatibility, and has excellent tackification, stability and processing properties. It is commonly used in coatings, inks, plastics and adhesives.
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HAF carbon black
HAF carbon black is the abbreviation of Hard Abrasion Furnace. It is a carbon black with high wear resistance, good toughness and conductivity. Due to its smaller surface area and darker color, it is often used to make high-quality tires, industrial seals, and conductive rubber products.
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Key Properties of Carbon Black
Particle size
Measured by electron microscopy, this is the fundamental property that has a significant effect on rubber properties, as well as color properties for specialty carbon blacks. For specialty carbon blacks, smaller particle diameter gives rise to higher surface area and tinting strength. High surface area is usually associated with greater jetness, higher conductivity, improved weatherability, and higher viscosity, but requires increased dispersion energy. For rubber, finer particles lead to increased reinforcement, increased abrasion resistance, and improved tensile strength. To disperse finer particles size, however, requires increased mixing time and energy. Typical particle sizes range from around 8 nanometers to 100 nanometers for furnace blacks. Surface area is utilized in the industry as an indicator of the fineness level of the carbon black and, therefore, of the particle size.
Structure
This is a measure of the three-dimensional fusion of carbon black particles to form aggregates, which may contain a large number of particles. The shape and degree of branching of the aggregates is referred to as structure. Highly structured carbon blacks provide higher viscosity, greater electrical conductivity and easier dispersion for specialty carbon blacks. Measures of aggregate structure may be obtained from shape distributions from em analysis, oil absorption (oan) or void volume analysis. The structure level of a carbon black ultimately determines its effects on several important in-rubber properties. Increasing carbon black structure increases modulus, hardness, electrical conductivity, and improves dispersibility of carbon black, but increases compound viscosity.
Porosity
This is a fundamental property of carbon black that can be controlled during the production process. It can affect the measurement of surface area providing a total surface area (nsa) larger than the external value (stsa). Conductive specialty carbon blacks tend to have a high degree of porosity, while an increase in porosity also allows a rubber compounder to increase carbon black loading while maintaining compound specific gravity. This leads to an increase in compound modulus and electrical conductivity for a fixed loading.
Surface chemistry or surface activity
This is a function of the manufacturing process and the heat history of a carbon black and generally refers to the oxygen-containing groups present on a carbon black’s surface. For specialty carbon blacks, oxidized surfaces improve pigment wetting, dispersion, rheology, and overall performance in selected systems. In other cases, oxidation increases electrical resistivity and makes carbon blacks more hydrophilic. The extent of surface oxidation is measured by determining the quantity of the “volatile” component on the carbon black. High volatile levels are associated with low ph. While difficult to measure directly for rubber, surface chemistry manifests itself through its effects on such in-rubber properties as abrasion resistance, tensile strength, hysteresis, and modulus. The effect of surface activity on cure characteristics will depend strongly on the cure system in use.
Physical form
This is important in matching a carbon black to the equipment by which it is to be dispersed. The physical form (beads or powder) can affect the handling and mixing characteristics. The ultimate degree of dispersion is also a function of the mixing procedures and equipment used. Powdered carbon blacks are recommended in low-shear dispersers and on three-roll mills. Beaded carbon blacks are recommended for shot mills, ball mills, and other high energy equipment. Beading provides lower dusting, bulk handling capabilities, and higher bulk densities, while powdered carbon blacks offer improved dispersibility.
Carbon black is a basic material with a long history, and it has been used as a coloring agent since the days before christ. Since carbon black has nano-particles with various functions such as ultra-violet absorption and conductivity, it is still being applied to new fields such as electronic equipment and devices. Some applications of carbon black, which is a conventional yet new material, are shown below.
Coloring agent for ink and paints
Carbon black has higher tinting strength compared to iron black or organic pigments, and is widely used for newspaper inks, printing inks, india inks, and paints. Carbon black is also used as black pigment for inkjet ink or toners.
Resin and film coloring agents
Carbon black has high tinting strength and is thermally stable, and therefore it is suitable for coloring resins and films that are heat-formed. Carbon black is also excellent for absorbing ultraviolet light, providing both a superb resistance against ultraviolet rays and a coloring effect when just a small amount is mixed with resins. Carbon black is widely used for general coloring for resins and films. Resins with carbon black are used in automobile bumpers, wire coverings and steel pipe linings which require weather resistance in particular.
Electric conductive agent
Carbon black particles have the graphite-type crystalline structure, providing an excellent electric conductivity. Therefore, carbon black is widely used as conductive filler, being mixed in plastics, elastomer, paints, adhesives, films, and pastes. Fuel caps and fuel-introducing pipes of automobiles, for example, are required of electric conductivity for preventing static. Therefore, carbon black is used as an excellent antistatic agent.
Electronic equipment related material
Carbon black also provides stable resistance, and therefore is used as electronic equipment related material in various display components, magnetic recording materials, and oa rolls. Furthermore, chemical has been developing carbon black with various combined functions for special applications.
Furnace black process
It is the most common method which uses (aromatic) hydrocarbon oil as the raw material. Due to its high yield and possibility to control the particle size and structure, it is most suitable for mass production of carbon black. In the reactor the conditions (e.G. Pressure and temperature) are controlled to provide a number of reactions. Water injection rapidly reduces the temperature and ends the reaction. The primary particle size and structure of the carbon black is controlled by tuning the conditions in the reactor and the time allowed before the reaction is quenched.
Thermal black process
It is the most common method used for carbon black production after the furnace black process. It is a discontinuous or cyclical process. This process uses natural methane gas as raw material. When the natural gas is injected into the furnace at an inert atmosphere, the gas decomposes into carbon black and hydrogen. The carbon black produced using this method has the largest particle size and the lowest degree of aggregates or structure. Due to the nature of the raw material, this carbon black is the purest form available on the industrial scale.
Channel process
This process uses partially combusted fuel which is brought into contact with h-shaped channel steel. It is not the most used method anymore because of its. The benefit of this process is that it provides carbon black with a lot of functional groups.
Acetylene black process
This process uses acetylene gas as raw material. It produces mainly high structure and higher crystallinity, making this type of carbon black suitable for electric conductive applications.
Lampblack process
It is the oldest industrial process for making carbon black. It uses mineral/vegetable oils as its raw material.
Environmental factors
Temperature, humidity and oxygen exposure are the main factors affecting the quality of carbon black. High temperature, high humidity and oxygen may trigger oxidation reactions, resulting in a reduction in carbon black performance.
Light
Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight may cause surface oxidation of carbon black, impairing its performance.
Impurities and Contaminants
Exposure to harmful gases, acids, bases, or other contaminants may adversely affect carbon black.
Anhui Sanji Chemical Co., Ltd. found in 2021, one young established enterprise specialize in Import and Export of Chemical Products and Polyolefin Additives, mainly delivers solution and service to the industry projects of mineral, chemical, petrochemical, oil & gas. Our product covers leaching agent and adsorbent which mainly for gold extraction application, chemicals for electro-plating, also involved in middle additives of Antioxidant, Flame Retardant, Antistatic Agent, Plasticizer, Flexibilizer, Carbon Black and etc. Besides, our imported HDPE, LLDPE, PP, PS and other polymers are widely used in mianland of China, in the field of home appliance, automobile, beverage bottol, toys, food packages, electronics and etc. Our head quarter locates in Hefei city, capital of Anhui Province, main market is in mainland, Middle east and Africa. Over the years, our strong experienced chemical specialists and engineers team, serious inspection and laboratory test, on-time trouble shooting and site service, powerful financial capability solution with banks and big capacity routine warehouse keeping for on-time delivery, which enable us to build long term and strategic partnership with world famous brands including BASF, DOW chemical, INEOS, LG, MITSUBISHI, SANYO, Clariant, Eastman, Dupont , Arkema, Orion, Cabot, Jacob and etc were the driving forces for our successful development. Moreover, strategic and annual agency agreement with polymer manufactures also enable us steady supply to related industry day and month in most ecomical way.
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